Anything is possible. It's just that some things work better than others. Due to limitations in heat transfer and equipment, this is one of those ideas that doesn't work too well. The following is an excerpt from a response we recently sent to a farmer in Minnesota. He had 42°F soil and wanted to heat some new barns.
"In order to transfer heat from a source (like the soil) to a fluid (like air), two things are necessary: a temperature difference and some surface area across which the heat will be transferred (the pipe). Because a temperature difference is required to drive the heat out of the soil, across the pipe and into the air, the temperature of the air leaving the buried pipe will always be less than the temperature of the soil. The closer you try to get the leaving air temperature to the soil temperature, the more pipe (surface area) it takes. For argument, let's figure that a 10°F difference is required (close to what ground-source heat pumps are designed for). This means that the air exiting the pipe will be 32°F in the coldest part of the year. In order for this air to deliver heat to the building to be heated, a temperature difference between the air exiting the pipe and the air in the space is required. The smaller this temperature difference is, the more air that must be circulated to meet the heating load. The problem is that these two temperature differences, combined with the temperature of the soil result in the ability to maintain only very low temperatures in the "heated" buildings. If we used another 10°F temperature difference between the space and the pipe exit air, this would result in the ability to maintain only 22°F maximum in the space. The above assumes that the soil would remain at the undisturbed temperature of 42°F minimum. This would not be the case since the removal of heat would cause the decline in the soil temperature, thus reducing the temperatures used above.
This type of system has some real possibilities in the cooling season; but, as you can see, it's pretty limited in the heating season."
The soil is an excellent heat source; but, it requires a heat pump in the system to "amplify" the heat to usable levels for normal space heating.